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The main reason why the speedometer may not be working on a 2002 Ford Ranger is usually due to a faulty vehicle speed sensor (VSS), although in rare cases, a malfunctioning engine control unit (ECU) could also be the culprit. Replacing a VSS usually costs between $10 to $30, depending on the brand. It is a relatively inexpensive part and is not difficult to replace since it is secured by two bolts and only has one engine wiring connection. If the speedometer itself malfunctions, other gauges on the instrument panel might also fail. Additionally, if the check engine light (CEL) is on, a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) can help identify the issue affecting the speedometer.
The initial step to take if your speedometer is not functioning is to check the vehicle speed sensor.